Hope Denton, Acoustic Solutions Specialist at Jacksons Fencing, writes
The UK has set ambitious targets to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and one key technology in achieving this goal is air source heat pumps (ASHP). These systems harness renewable energy from the outside air to heat homes and businesses. By using ambient air temperature, ASHPs are a cleaner, more sustainable alternative to traditional heating methods, which often rely on fossil fuels.
Predictions show that air source heat pumps will meet 20% of global heating needs by 2030, with the UK aiming to install 600,000 units annually by 20281 as part of its decarbonisation strategy. But while ASHPs offer environmental benefits, the widespread adoption of ASHPs faces one significant hurdle – noise. The sound these systems produce can be disruptive, especially in densely populated areas or residential neighbourhoods, where it could disrupt the peace and harmony of communities.
The noise challenge: A major barrier to adoption
Air source heat pumps work by extracting heat from the outdoor air and using it to heat indoor spaces. While these units are highly efficient and environmentally friendly, the noise they generate during operation can be an issue. The external unit of an ASHP produces a low-frequency hum or whooshing sound, which can be noticeable and disruptive, particularly if the unit is installed close to a property boundary or in noise-sensitive areas.
Even though newer models of ASHPs are quieter than older versions, noise levels can still be an issue. Research has shown that noise levels—above 50 or 60 decibels—can negatively impact the quality of life for those living nearby. The higher the volume, the more intrusive the noise becomes, leading to potential resistance from local communities, especially as demand for these systems continues to rise. In fact, with over 100,000 customers currently waiting for installation, addressing noise concerns is essential if the UK is to meet its installation targets and accelerate the transition to sustainable heating systems.
Planning ahead
A key element in overcoming the noise problem associated with ASHPs lies in strategic planning and effective design. Addressing noise concerns early in the planning and installation process is critical for minimising disruption. Engaging with a noise consultant or acoustician from the start allows for a more informed and careful assessment of the site conditions, and helps determine the optimal location for the heat pump unit. In many cases, the strategic placement of the unit can significantly reduce the impact of noise.
For instance, positioning the heat pump away from windows or near natural sound barriers such as hedges or fences can make all the difference by absorbing or deflecting sound waves, minimising the disturbance to neighbours. And of course, choosing the right model of ASHP, which generates less noise, can also play a role in noise reduction. Thoughtful design and installation can go a long way in keeping the noise down.
Acoustic enclosures as a key solution
One of the most effective solutions to the noise issue is the use of acoustic enclosures. These specially designed structures help to ‘trap’ the sound produced by the external unit, thereby minimising the noise that escapes into the surrounding environment. Acoustic enclosures are typically made from sound-absorbing materials such as timber, which help absorb and reduce noise by up to 32 decibels – about half the noise generated by the heat pump.
These enclosures are specifically designed to match the unique requirements of each heat pump and installation site. They can be customised with features like open sides or louvered panels to ensure optimal performance and prevent overheating. By taking into account the size, shape, and environmental factors of the site, these bespoke enclosures provide a tailored and efficient solution for every installation.
Additional benefits
On top of noise reduction, the enclosures also improve security. Given the significant cost of air source heat pumps, it’s important to protect these units from potential theft or vandalism. Enclosures made from robust materials such as timber offer a deterrent to opportunistic criminals and safeguard the long-term functionality of the system.
Another advantage is their ability to blend seamlessly into the surrounding environment. Many homeowners and businesses are concerned about the visual impact of large external units, especially when ASHPs are installed in front gardens or visible areas of their property. Acoustic enclosures can be designed to match the aesthetics of the building or landscape, ensuring that the heat pump is not an eyesore.
Another benefit of these enclosures is that they can be modular, meaning they can be adjusted or expanded depending on the specific needs of the installation. Jacksons Fencing, for example, offers kit-form acoustic enclosures that are easy to assemble on-site, providing a cost-effective solution for homeowners and businesses alike.
How much difference can acoustic enclosures make?
The noise reduction achieved by acoustic enclosures can be significant. For example, Jacksons Fencing’s Jakoustic® Absorptive barrier can cut down noise by up to 32 decibels. Even a small reduction in noise, say 10 decibels, can make a huge difference, as it is perceived as halving the sound. This is especially important when the heat pump is running at full capacity during colder months when it has to work harder to extract heat.
By significantly lowering noise levels, acoustic enclosures help ensure that ASHPs don’t disturb neighbours or negatively impact people’s quality of life. This can make a big difference in how communities perceive the technology and help smooth the path for its adoption.
Ensuring success
Noise is one of the main obstacles preventing air source heat pumps from being adopted on a large scale. If left unchecked, it could lead to push back from communities, which might slow the growth of this important technology. However, with the right strategies in place—such as effective planning, strategic placement, and the use of acoustic enclosures—it’s possible to overcome this challenge and make ASHPs a more widely accepted solution for sustainable heating.
As demand for these systems grows, it’s essential that noise concerns are addressed from the very beginning of the installation process. By implementing noise management strategies and using solutions like acoustic enclosures, the benefits of ASHPs can be enjoyed without the disruptive side effects. This will not only help the UK reach its decarbonisation goals but also ensure that heat pumps can be a practical, quiet, and environmentally friendly option for homeowners and businesses alike.
In the end, balancing sustainability with comfort is key. With the right noise-reduction measures, air source heat pumps can become a cornerstone of a greener future without causing unnecessary disruption to the places we live and work.
Notes
[1] https://www.heatpumps.london/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-heat-pumps
