Panic swept through eastern Congo’s second-largest city on Saturday as residents fled by the thousands, scrambling to escape the looming advance of Rwanda-backed rebels.
The morning after M23 fighters entered the outskirts of Bukavu — a city of about 1.3 million people that lies 200 kilometres south of rebel-held Goma — some streets were flooded by residents attempting to leave and looters filling flour sacks with what they could find. A pall of silence set in later in the day as residents and business owners braced for what comes next.
Most people waited in their home, shocked as corpses burnt to ash lay strewn in the streets — casualties of the looters who filled the vacuum left by Congolese soldiers earlier abandoning their posts.
“They set fire to the ammunition they were unable to take with them,” said Alain Iragi, among the residents who fled in search of safety on Saturday.
Reports and social media videos showed the region’s factories pillaged and prisons emptied while electricity remained on and communication lines open in most places.
“It’s a disgrace. Some citizens have fallen victim to stray bullets. Even some soldiers still present in the city are involved en masse in these cases of looting,” a 25-year-old resident of a neighbourhood being looted told The Associated Press.
The Congo River Alliance, a coalition of rebel groups that includes M23, blamed Congolese troops and their allies from local militia and neighbouring Burundi for the disorder in Bukavu.
“We call on the population to remain in control of their city and not give in to panic,” Lawrence Kanyuka, the alliance’s spokesperson, said in a statement on Saturday.
Southward push after seizing Goma
M23, a rebel group backed by about 4,000 troops from neighbouring Rwanda, is the most prominent of more than 100 vying for control of Congo’s mineral-rich east.
Congolese authorities and international observers have accused it of sexual violence, forced conscription and summary executions. M23’s southward expansion encompasses more territory than rebels had previously seized and poses an unprecedented challenge to the central government in Kinshasa.
Leaders from eastern and southern Africa called for an immediate ceasefire in eastern Congo, where rebels are threatening to overthrow the Congolese government. Rwandan-backed M23 rebels have taken over towns near Congo’s capital, putting the country’s president at odds with Rwandan officials and other leaders.
The rebellion underway has killed nearly 3,000 people in eastern Congo and stranded hundreds of thousands of displaced. At least 350,000 internally displaced people are without shelter, the UNÂ and Congolese authorities have said.
The rebels on Friday also claimed to have seized a second airport in the region, in the town of Kavumu outside Bukavu.
The AP couldn’t confirm who was in control of the strategically important airport, which Congolese forces have used to resupply troops and humanitarian groups have used to import aid. The Congo River Alliance said on Saturday that M23 had taken control of the airport to prevent Congolese forces from launching airstrikes against civilians.
Government officials and local civil society leaders didn’t immediately comment, though Congo’s Communications Ministry said the rebels had violated ceasefire agreements and attacked Congolese troops working to avoid urban warfare and violence in Bukavu.
The reports of looting and disorder come a day after residents told the AP that soldiers in Kavumu — the airport town north of Bukavu — had abandoned their positions to head toward the city. The chain of events mirror what transpired last month in the lead-up to the M23’s capture of Goma. Congo’s military, despite its size and funding, has long been hindered by shortcomings in training and co-ordination and recurring reports of corruption.
Worry conflict could spread
International leaders are expected to discuss the conflict at the African Union summit in Ethiopia this weekend as Congo President Felix Tshisekedi continues to plead with the international community to intervene to contain the rebels and blacklist “expansionist” Rwanda for backing them. Tshisekedi wasn’t at the summit.
African leaders and the international community have been reluctant to take decisive action against M23 or Rwanda.
In Addis Ababa on Saturday, UN Secretary General António Guterres warned of the conflict spiralling into a regional conflagration.
“Regional escalation must be avoided at all costs,” Guterres told the African Union summit. “The sovereignty and territorial integrity of [Congo]Â must be respected.”
Though Guterres said that the solution to the conflict lay in Africa, African leaders disagree on how to resolve the conflict in a way that satisfies the warring parties.
Regional tensions
Despite universal calls for a ceasefire, the rebellion has inflamed historic tensions within the Great Lakes region, which includes Congo, Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda.
Troops from Burundi and the Southern African Development Community are deployed in support of Congolese forces. Ugandan troops are fighting other rebel groups in other regions within eastern Congo, where attacks on civilians have been reported in recent months.
In Ituri, hundreds of kilometres north of where M23 is on the march, Ugandan troops are hunting members of the Islamist Allied Democratic Forces.
The fighting risked severe escalation on Saturday. Muhoozi Kainerugaba, Uganda’s top military commander, told all armed forces in the province’s capital that they had 24 hours to surrender and warned that it would soon be under Ugandan army control.
“If they don’t, we shall consider them enemies and attack them,” Kainerugaba said in a post on X, without identifying the other forces.
