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Home Science & Environment Medical Research

Longitudinal study reveals HPV infection kinetics

January 21, 2025
in Medical Research
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Human papillomavirus infection kinetics revealed in new longitudinal study
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Human papillomavirus infection kinetics revealed in new longitudinal study
Dynamics of HPV virus load over the course of an acute infection. The diagram represents variations in the mean number of viruses per cell in the samples over time. The dark band shows the median trajectory estimated by the model, and the light bands are the 10% lowest and 90% highest viral loads estimated by the model, with the width of the band representing the credibility interval. The thin lines correspond to the measured individual trajectory of the 164 infections detected in the participants of the PAPCLEAR cohort. Credit: Modified by Samuel Alizon from Tessandier et al., 2025, PLOS Biology, CC-BY 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Non-persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are characterized by a sharp increase in viral load followed by a long plateau, according to a study published January 21 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Samuel Alizon of the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France, and colleagues.

Chronic HPV infection is responsible for more than 600,000 new cancers each year, including nearly all cervical cancers. Infection among young women is common, impacting nearly 20% of women 25 years of age.

Fortunately, the vast majority of these infections clear within two years without symptoms. Still, a better understanding of why some infections clear while others persist could improve treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies for HPV-associated diseases.

To monitor the dynamics of HPV infection, the PAPCLEAR cohort study in France followed 189 women aged 18 to 25 years for up to 24 months. Researchers followed participants every two months, collecting information on viral kinetics and immune markers.

By frequently monitoring participants, the researchers achieved unprecedented temporal resolution on viral and immune kinetics. They found that non-persistent infections are characterized by a plateau in HPV viral load that starts around two months after infection and lasts for 13 to 20 months before rapidly declining.

Additionally, they found a strong correlation between a population of immune cells between innate and adaptive immunity, namely TCRγδ cells, and the total amount of viruses produced.

The study is limited by the fact that many of the infection follow-ups were truncated, meaning that the participants were already infected when enrolled or were lost to follow-up before infection clearance. Furthermore, only four out of 76 infected participants were followed for 18 months or more. Therefore, differences between chronic and acute infections will have to wait for longer studies.

The authors add, “Asymptomatic genital infections by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) display striking dynamics at the frontier between acute and chronic infections. HPV infections appear to be associated with specific patterns of the innate and adaptative local immune response.”

More information:
PLOS Biology (2025). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002949

Provided by
Public Library of Science


Citation:
Longitudinal study reveals HPV infection kinetics (2025, January 21)
retrieved 21 January 2025
from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-01-longitudinal-reveals-hpv-infection-kinetics.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.



Human papillomavirus infection kinetics revealed in new longitudinal study
Dynamics of HPV virus load over the course of an acute infection. The diagram represents variations in the mean number of viruses per cell in the samples over time. The dark band shows the median trajectory estimated by the model, and the light bands are the 10% lowest and 90% highest viral loads estimated by the model, with the width of the band representing the credibility interval. The thin lines correspond to the measured individual trajectory of the 164 infections detected in the participants of the PAPCLEAR cohort. Credit: Modified by Samuel Alizon from Tessandier et al., 2025, PLOS Biology, CC-BY 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Non-persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are characterized by a sharp increase in viral load followed by a long plateau, according to a study published January 21 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Samuel Alizon of the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France, and colleagues.

Chronic HPV infection is responsible for more than 600,000 new cancers each year, including nearly all cervical cancers. Infection among young women is common, impacting nearly 20% of women 25 years of age.

Fortunately, the vast majority of these infections clear within two years without symptoms. Still, a better understanding of why some infections clear while others persist could improve treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies for HPV-associated diseases.

To monitor the dynamics of HPV infection, the PAPCLEAR cohort study in France followed 189 women aged 18 to 25 years for up to 24 months. Researchers followed participants every two months, collecting information on viral kinetics and immune markers.

By frequently monitoring participants, the researchers achieved unprecedented temporal resolution on viral and immune kinetics. They found that non-persistent infections are characterized by a plateau in HPV viral load that starts around two months after infection and lasts for 13 to 20 months before rapidly declining.

Additionally, they found a strong correlation between a population of immune cells between innate and adaptive immunity, namely TCRγδ cells, and the total amount of viruses produced.

The study is limited by the fact that many of the infection follow-ups were truncated, meaning that the participants were already infected when enrolled or were lost to follow-up before infection clearance. Furthermore, only four out of 76 infected participants were followed for 18 months or more. Therefore, differences between chronic and acute infections will have to wait for longer studies.

The authors add, “Asymptomatic genital infections by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) display striking dynamics at the frontier between acute and chronic infections. HPV infections appear to be associated with specific patterns of the innate and adaptative local immune response.”

More information:
PLOS Biology (2025). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002949

Provided by
Public Library of Science


Citation:
Longitudinal study reveals HPV infection kinetics (2025, January 21)
retrieved 21 January 2025
from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-01-longitudinal-reveals-hpv-infection-kinetics.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.


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