Millions of Hindu devotees are bathing in sacred waters as the world’s biggest religious gathering begins in India’s northern state of Uttar Pradesh.
Over the next six weeks, a staggering 400 million people are expected to attend the Maha Kumbh Mela, or the festival of the Sacred Pitcher, on the riverbanks in the city of Prayagraj.
Every 12 years the festival carries the prefix “Maha,” which means great, as it’s the largest gathering of the Kumbh Mela that’s held every three years in one of four cities.
In Prayagraj, followers will bathe in the Triveni Sangam, the confluence of three holy rivers – the Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati – to purify their sins and take another step closer to “spiritual liberation.”
The Kumbh draws upon Hindu mythology and the legend of demons and gods fighting over a pitcher containing the elixir of immortality. During the fight, four drops from the pitcher fell on Earth, in Prayagraj, Nashik, Haridwar and Ujjain, which host the festival in rotation.
A tent city has been erected to cater for the pilgrims covering 4,000 hectares, roughly 7,500 football fields. – Idrees Mohammed/AFP/Getty Images
Indian Prime Minister and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Narendra Modi has invited people from all over the world to attend the festival, recognized by UNESCO in 2017 as an “intangible cultural heritage of humanity.”
Authorities are promoting the event not just as a religious gathering but a cultural spectacle that in the past has attracted both Bollywood and Hollywood stars.
Around 400 million people are expected to attend the Maha Kumbh Mela in the next six weeks. – Adnan Abidi/Reuters
On Sunday, Yogi Adityanath, Uttar Pradesh’s saffron-clad priest turned chief minister known for his provocative rhetoric against Muslims, said millions of people had already taken a “dip in the sacred waters of the Sangam.”
Formerly known as Allahabad, Prayagraj was renamed by Adityanath in 2018, a decision that was said to recognize the city’s identity as a spiritual destination for Hindu pilgrims.
Shedding the name Allahabad, given to the city by Mughal emperor Akbar, was a symbolic move in keeping with Modi’s ambitions to transform India from a secular, pluralistic state into a nation of and for the Hindu faith.
This year’s festival has taken years of planning and millions of dollars to build facilities for the influx of visitors to Prayagraj, a city normally home to 6 million people.
Devotees cross the pontoon bridge as they arrive to take dip into Sangam at Mahakumbh Nagar in Prayagraj, India on January 12, 2025. – Deepak Gupta/Hindustan Times/Getty Images
Around 160,000 tents, 150,000 toilets and a 776-mile (1,249-kilometer) drinking water pipeline have been installed at a temporary tent city covering 4,000 hectares, roughly the size of 7,500 football fields.
In 2013, dozens of people were killed and injured in a crowd crush at a railway station as pilgrims gathered in the city. Such deadly incidents at religious gatherings in India are not uncommon, often highlighting a lack of adequate crowd control and safety measures.
This year, officials say extra safety measures have been put in place in Prayagraj to protect visitors, including a security ring with checkpoints around the city staffed by more than 1,000 police officers.
People offer prayers at Sangam, the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna and Saraswati rivers, during the Maha Kumbh Mela Festival, in Prayagraj, India, on January 13, 2025. – Adnan Abidi/Reuters
Over 2,700 security cameras powered by artificial intelligence will be positioned around the city, monitored by hundreds of experts at key locations, according to the central government.
Aerial drones will provide surveillance from above and for the first time, underwater drones capable of diving up to 100 meters will be activated to provide round-the-clock cover, the government added.
Vast numbers of pilgrims are expected to travel to the region by train, so authorities have added 3,000 special trains and 13,100 train services.
Fourteen new flyovers and underpasses, 11 new road corridors, 7,000 buses, 550 shuttle buses, seven new bus stops, and 30 pontoon bridges have also been added to improve connectivity, according to the Uttar Pradesh state government.
The festival ends on February 26.
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