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Home Science & Environment Medical Research

Small antibody offers broad protection against influenza

January 9, 2025
in Medical Research
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Small antibody offers broad protection against influenza
Generation and characterization of H7-specific nanobodies. Credit: Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55193-y

Researchers at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, in collaboration with colleagues in China, have discovered an antibody-like molecule that can protect mice from various influenza viruses. The findings could pave the way for new treatments and the development of broader influenza vaccines. The work is published in Nature Communications.

“We have identified a small molecule that binds to the virus’s surface protein and prevents infection. This molecule, known as E10, belongs to a class of so-called nanobodies. It has shown the ability to protect mice from several influenza strains, including those responsible for seasonal epidemics,” says Davide Angeletti, Associate Professor of Immunology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and the study’s senior author.

The molecule targets a conserved part of the virus’s surface protein shared across various influenza types, including the avian influenza H7N9 and common human influenza viruses such as H1N1 and H3N2. Mice treated with this molecule were protected from infection, and a vaccine based on the same binding site also provided a good degree of protection.

“It’s rare to find a molecule capable of protecting against so many different influenza viruses. We also observed that viruses attempting to mutate to evade the molecule lose their ability to grow effectively, which is a significant advantage,” adds Angeletti.

Although the results are promising, the discovery is still far from being implemented as a treatment or vaccine. Before clinical use, the molecule must be tested in additional animal models and undergo clinical trials to ensure it is both safe and effective.

Influenza remains a persistent threat to global public health. These viral infections cause seasonal epidemics that lead to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. This discovery has the potential to contribute to protection during active infections and could also pave the way for vaccines targeting multiple variants of influenza.

The study was conducted in collaboration between researchers in Sweden and China. Zhao-Shan Chen, a Ph.D. student from China and the study’s first author, initially isolated the E10 molecule from an alpaca in Professor Qiyun Zhu’s laboratory at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Chen later continued her work in Angeletti’s lab at the University of Gothenburg, where the molecule’s protective effects against various influenza viruses were tested.

More information:
Zhao-Shan Chen et al. Influenza A Virus H7 nanobody recognizes a conserved immunodominant epitope on hemagglutinin head and confers heterosubtypic protection, Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55193-y

Provided by
University of Gothenburg


Citation:
Small antibody offers broad protection against influenza (2025, January 9)
retrieved 9 January 2025
from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-01-small-antibody-broad-influenza.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.



Small antibody offers broad protection against influenza
Generation and characterization of H7-specific nanobodies. Credit: Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55193-y

Researchers at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, in collaboration with colleagues in China, have discovered an antibody-like molecule that can protect mice from various influenza viruses. The findings could pave the way for new treatments and the development of broader influenza vaccines. The work is published in Nature Communications.

“We have identified a small molecule that binds to the virus’s surface protein and prevents infection. This molecule, known as E10, belongs to a class of so-called nanobodies. It has shown the ability to protect mice from several influenza strains, including those responsible for seasonal epidemics,” says Davide Angeletti, Associate Professor of Immunology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and the study’s senior author.

The molecule targets a conserved part of the virus’s surface protein shared across various influenza types, including the avian influenza H7N9 and common human influenza viruses such as H1N1 and H3N2. Mice treated with this molecule were protected from infection, and a vaccine based on the same binding site also provided a good degree of protection.

“It’s rare to find a molecule capable of protecting against so many different influenza viruses. We also observed that viruses attempting to mutate to evade the molecule lose their ability to grow effectively, which is a significant advantage,” adds Angeletti.

Although the results are promising, the discovery is still far from being implemented as a treatment or vaccine. Before clinical use, the molecule must be tested in additional animal models and undergo clinical trials to ensure it is both safe and effective.

Influenza remains a persistent threat to global public health. These viral infections cause seasonal epidemics that lead to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. This discovery has the potential to contribute to protection during active infections and could also pave the way for vaccines targeting multiple variants of influenza.

The study was conducted in collaboration between researchers in Sweden and China. Zhao-Shan Chen, a Ph.D. student from China and the study’s first author, initially isolated the E10 molecule from an alpaca in Professor Qiyun Zhu’s laboratory at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Chen later continued her work in Angeletti’s lab at the University of Gothenburg, where the molecule’s protective effects against various influenza viruses were tested.

More information:
Zhao-Shan Chen et al. Influenza A Virus H7 nanobody recognizes a conserved immunodominant epitope on hemagglutinin head and confers heterosubtypic protection, Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55193-y

Provided by
University of Gothenburg


Citation:
Small antibody offers broad protection against influenza (2025, January 9)
retrieved 9 January 2025
from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-01-small-antibody-broad-influenza.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.


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