WASHINGTON (AP) — Many US colleges accused of tolerating antisemitism on their campuses have been settling with federal civil rights investigators in the weeks before the inauguration of President-elect Donald Trump, who urged a tougher response to campus protests against the war in Gaza.
By settling with the Education Department, the schools close the cases against them as long as they meet the terms of the agreements, which mostly have required training, policy updates and reviews of past complaints.
But many colleges at the center of the highest-profile cases — including Columbia and Cornell — face investigations that remain unresolved and could run the risk of harsher penalties after Trump takes office. Trump has not said what he would like to see come of the investigations, but he has threatened to revoke federal money for schools that fall short of his demands.
“Colleges will and must end the antisemitic propaganda or they will lose their accreditation and federal support,” Trump said in a virtual address to Jewish donors in September. “No money will go to them if they don’t.”
Settlements have piled up in recent weeks between the Education Department’s civil rights branch and the University of Washington, the University of California, Johns Hopkins, Rutgers and the University of Cincinnati. Those follow other voluntary agreements signed by Brown and Temple universities, along with the University of Michigan.
The flurry of recent deals has drawn outrage from Republicans in Congress who say the Biden administration is letting colleges off the hook.
Signs are displayed outside a tent encampment at Northwestern University on Friday, April 26, 2024, in Evanston, Illinois. (AP/Teresa Crawford)
Rep. Tim Walberg, the Republican chair of the House Education and Workforce Committee, said the settlements are “toothless” and fail to hold colleges accountable for permitting antisemitism.
In a statement, he said the Trump administration should “examine these agreements and explore options to impose real consequences on schools.”
One of the committee’s priorities will be “calling out woke higher education institutions — especially those that allow antisemitism to run rampant,” Walberg said at a Wednesday meeting.
More than 100 US colleges and school districts remain under investigation over alleged antisemitism or Islamophobia following the October 7, 2023, attack by Hamas on Israel. That includes Columbia, Cornell, Yale, Princeton and other prestigious schools.
Portraits of hostages held by Hamas in Gaza since October 7, 2023, are seen in front of the anti-Israel encampment at the Columbia University on April 28, 2024 in New York City.(Charly Triballeau/AFP)
The Department of Education investigations stem from complaints that schools violated Title VI, which bars discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color and national origin at colleges and universities that receive federal funding.
Several colleges facing investigations declined to comment on their status.
Presidents of several universities were called before Congress last year over their handling of pro-Palestinian protests, contributing to the resignations of Claudine Gay at Harvard, Liz Magill at Penn and Minouche Shafik at Columbia.
The vast majority of Education Department civil rights investigations end with voluntary deals negotiated with schools. If they can’t reach a settlement, the agency can refer the case to the Justice Department or move to cut off the school’s federal money — an extreme sanction that has almost never been used.
US President-elect Donald Trump speaks during a news conference at Mar-a-Lago, December 16, 2024, in Palm Beach, Florida. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)
Whether Trump pushes the Education Department to use the so-called “nuclear option” is still in question. But without a deal before January 20, colleges raise the risk that they could become test cases for Trump, who has been openly hostile to universities that he sees as hotbeds of liberalism.
Losing access to federal money is usually seen as a death sentence for colleges, though if there’s any exception it would be Harvard and its $53 billion endowment, the wealthiest college in the world. A total cutoff would also mean that students could not use federal financial aid at the university.
It couldn’t happen instantly, however. The Education Department can terminate federal money only if it fails to gain voluntary compliance from the school and only if it’s approved by an administrative law judge. There would have to be a hearing, and there would be opportunities for the school to appeal the decision.
A passerby walks past tents at an anti-Israel and pro-Palestinian encampment of students in Harvard Yard, at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., on Thursday, April 25, 2024. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)
As Republicans take control of both chambers of Congress, there’s also a renewed push for legislation on the subject. A December report coordinated by House Speaker Mike Johnson found that colleges across the US failed to stop antisemitism amid last year’s demonstrations, highlighting cases at Harvard, Columbia and UCLA.
The report called for new legislation “to support students and ensure accountability,” and it endorsed legislation to cut off federal money at schools that support divestment from Israel. It called on the executive branch to “aggressively enforce” civil rights laws, saying universities that fail to curb antisemitism “are unfit stewards of taxpayer dollars should be treated accordingly.”
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