Women of colour are almost twice as likely to be on zero-hours contracts as white men and almost one and a half times more likely than white women, according to new research.
The joint report from the Trades Union Congress and the equality organisation Race on the Agenda (Rota) warned that far from providing greater flexibility, zero-hours contracts were trapping women from black and minority ethnic (BAME) backgrounds in low pay and insecure work, leaving them struggling to pay bills and plan their lives.
According to the research, about one in six zero-hours contract workers are BAME, though BAME workers make up only one in nine workers overall.
The report reveals significant disparities along along the lines of gender and race. For instance, 2.5% of white men were on zero-hours contracts on the last three months of 2020, compared with 4.1% of BME men. The highest proportions were found among BME women, at 4.5%, compared with 3.2% of white women.
The joint report described zero-hours contracts as “the most egregious example of one-sided flexibility at work”, handing the employer total control over their workers’ hours.
It includes polling data that showed 40% of BAME workers on insecure contracts said they faced the threat of losing their shifts if they turned down work, compared with 25% of insecure white workers. The findings “puncture the myth that zero-hours workers like the arrangement”, the report notes.
The polling also shows that half of BAME insecure workers have been allocated a shift at less than a day’s notice, and almost half of BAME insecure workers have had shifts cancelled with less than a day’s notice.
The report warns that this instability means many people’s incomes are subject to the whims of managers, which makes it hard for workers to plan their lives, look after their children and keep medical appointments.
One woman from Leicester on a zero-hours job delivering frontline Covid-19 services such as vaccination and testing, who wished to be known as PR, said: “Being on a zero-hours contract has worn me down. I’m a 60-year-old woman. Week to week I didn’t know what hours I would be working, or how much money I would make. I’ve been solely focused on keeping my family going and making ends meet.”
PR said she had been subject to direct and indirect institutional racism from her employer. “I haven’t been valued for my cultural understanding with [the] south Asian community, vital for my job serving the predominantly south Asian patients in my community, and treated as disposable – especially compared with other white colleagues. For example, I was never given a contract after requesting one, whereas other were.
“Add to that no sick pay, no holiday pay, and only getting a pension after 2016. I have gone through so much because of this. And I’ve only taken proper sick leave three times in 18 years, when I have had real medical emergencies.”
Last week, PR was told she was no longer needed in her role. She said: “It is devastating. I haven’t got a clue what’s going on. There is a dark cloud hanging over my head.”
The TUC and Rota have called on the government to ban zero-hours contracts and end the “scourge” of insecure work. The TUC general secretary, Frances O’Grady, said: “This is what structural racism at work looks like – BAME workers getting trapped in jobs with the worst pay and the worst conditions, struggling to pay the bills and feed their families.
“Enough is enough. Ministers must challenge the systemic discrimination that holds BME workers back by banning zero-hours contracts and ending the scourge of insecure work. And they must introduce ethnicity pay gap reporting without delay.”
Maurice Mcleod, the CEO of Rota, said: “People from marginalised communities are already most likely to find themselves on these types of contracts, and this is further embedding inequality into our society. Ignoring the impact of structural workplace racism on our society will see inequality grow and moves us even further away from the equal, thriving society we all want to live in.”