Everybody uses microchips, in one form or another. We take them for granted nowadays. But somebody has to make these things, right?
Today, a relatively average microprocessor may contain billions of transistors, packed in a particularly tiny fragment of space. So here is the interesting part: how to make such a product consisting of components that you cannot see with a naked eye?
The most modern electronics manufacturing plant is capable of making transistors as small as 5 nm in diameter. For comparison, an average diameter of a human hair is 100 μm, so you can fit 20 000 transistors across its cross-section. Empirically measured diameter of an iron atom is 0.28 nm, which means that you can put just 18 iron atoms across the smallest transistor. Mind-boggling, isn’t it? But nevertheless, manufacturing such small components is possible.
The following video presents the entire story about how microchips are made, from raw materials to an end-product:
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