Using an AI tool, researchers at Karolinska Institutet have analyzed brain images from 70-year-olds and estimated their brains’ biological age. They found that factors detrimental to vascular health, such as inflammation and high glucose levels, are associated with an older-looking brain, while healthy lifestyles were linked to brains with a younger appearance.
The results are presented in a paper titled “Biological brain age and resilience in cognitively unimpaired 70-year-old individuals” in Alzheimer’s & Dementia.
Every year, over 20,000 people in Sweden develop some form of dementia, with Alzheimer’s disease accounting for approximately two-thirds of cases. However, the speed at which the brain ages is affected by various risk and health factors.
“Despite the recent introduction of new Alzheimer’s drugs, they will not work for everyone with dementia, so we want to study what can boost the brain’s resilience against pathological aging processes,” says the study’s lead author Anna Marseglia, researcher at the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet.
AI-derived brain age
The study involved 739 cognitively healthy 70-year-olds, 389 of whom were female, recruited from Gothenburg’s H70 cohort in Sweden. The researchers took MRI scans of their brains and then estimated the age of the resulting brain images using their own AI-based algorithm.
“The algorithm is both accurate and robust, yet easy to use,” says principal investigator Eric Westman, professor of Neurogeriatrics at the same department. “It’s a research tool that still needs further evaluation, but our aim is for it also to be of clinical use in the future, such as in dementia investigations.”
The brain images were complemented with blood samples for measuring lipids, glucose, and inflammation. The participants also carried out cognitive testing. Data on lifestyle factors such as exercise and medical conditions were also available.
Brains with an older appearance
The AI tool estimated the brain age for both sexes to be on average 71 years. The researchers then looked at the “brain age gap” by subtracting the participants’ estimated biological brain age from their chronological age.
The researchers found that diabetes, stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, and inflammation were linked to brains with an older appearance, whereas a healthy lifestyle involving regular exercise could be linked to brains of a younger appearance.
“A take-home from the study is that factors that adversely affect the blood vessels can also be related to older-looking brains, which shows how important it is to keep your blood vessels healthy, to protect your brain, by making sure, for instance, that your blood glucose level is kept stable,” says Marseglia.
Studies of sex differences next
The brains of women and men seem to differ in terms of factors linked to older- and younger-looking brains, meaning that women and men may differ in how they build resilience, a phenomenon that the researchers now plan to investigate by looking not only at biological determinants such as hormones but also at sociocultural influences.
“Next year, we’ll launch a study to understand how social health—including social engagement, connectedness, and support—in middle and older age, along with sleep and stress, influence brain resilience, with a focus on women’s health factors,” says Marseglia.
More information:
Biological brain age and resilience in cognitively unimpaired 70-year-old individuals, Alzheimer’s & Dementia (2024). DOI: 10.1002/alz.14435
Citation:
Using an AI tool, researchers find poor vascular health accelerates brain aging (2024, December 20)
retrieved 20 December 2024
from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-12-ai-tool-poor-vascular-health.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.
Using an AI tool, researchers at Karolinska Institutet have analyzed brain images from 70-year-olds and estimated their brains’ biological age. They found that factors detrimental to vascular health, such as inflammation and high glucose levels, are associated with an older-looking brain, while healthy lifestyles were linked to brains with a younger appearance. The results are presented in a paper titled “Biological brain age and resilience in cognitively unimpaired 70-year-old individuals” in Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Every year, over 20,000 people in Sweden develop some form of dementia, with Alzheimer’s disease accounting for approximately two-thirds of cases. However, the speed at which the brain ages is affected by various risk and health factors. “Despite the recent introduction of new Alzheimer’s drugs, they will not work for everyone with dementia, so we want to study what can boost the brain’s resilience against pathological aging processes,” says the study’s lead author Anna Marseglia, researcher at the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet. The study involved 739 cognitively healthy 70-year-olds, 389 of whom were female, recruited from Gothenburg’s H70 cohort in Sweden. The researchers took MRI scans of their brains and then estimated the age of the resulting brain images using their own AI-based algorithm. “The algorithm is both accurate and robust, yet easy to use,” says principal investigator Eric Westman, professor of Neurogeriatrics at the same department. “It’s a research tool that still needs further evaluation, but our aim is for it also to be of clinical use in the future, such as in dementia investigations.” The brain images were complemented with blood samples for measuring lipids, glucose, and inflammation. The participants also carried out cognitive testing. Data on lifestyle factors such as exercise and medical conditions were also available. The AI tool estimated the brain age for both sexes to be on average 71 years. The researchers then looked at the “brain age gap” by subtracting the participants’ estimated biological brain age from their chronological age. The researchers found that diabetes, stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, and inflammation were linked to brains with an older appearance, whereas a healthy lifestyle involving regular exercise could be linked to brains of a younger appearance. “A take-home from the study is that factors that adversely affect the blood vessels can also be related to older-looking brains, which shows how important it is to keep your blood vessels healthy, to protect your brain, by making sure, for instance, that your blood glucose level is kept stable,” says Marseglia. The brains of women and men seem to differ in terms of factors linked to older- and younger-looking brains, meaning that women and men may differ in how they build resilience, a phenomenon that the researchers now plan to investigate by looking not only at biological determinants such as hormones but also at sociocultural influences. “Next year, we’ll launch a study to understand how social health—including social engagement, connectedness, and support—in middle and older age, along with sleep and stress, influence brain resilience, with a focus on women’s health factors,” says Marseglia. More information: Citation: This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
AI-derived brain age
Brains with an older appearance
Studies of sex differences next
Biological brain age and resilience in cognitively unimpaired 70-year-old individuals, Alzheimer’s & Dementia (2024). DOI: 10.1002/alz.14435
Using an AI tool, researchers find poor vascular health accelerates brain aging (2024, December 20)
retrieved 20 December 2024
from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-12-ai-tool-poor-vascular-health.html
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.
