Britain and the EU are close to striking a deal on vaccine supplies following threats from the bloc to ban exports.
The top diplomat dispatched to Brussels to defuse the row is understood to have secured guarantees that doses bound for the UK will not be seized.
The EU had been toying with the idea of blocking shipments from the Continent and using them to rescue its own bungled jab rollout.
On Thursday EU leaders stepped back from the brink of imposing the ban following an appeal from Angela Merkel for the diplomatic approach.
It paved the way for weekend crisis talks, but an agreement had looked unlikely following tough talk from Emmanuel Macron, who was leading a group of hardline member states in pushing for the export embargo, which could affect the delivery of second doses in Britain.
The threats sparked a furious response from across the Channel, with Tory MPs railing against the EU’s ‘appalling vaccine nationalism.’
Conservative MP Philip Davies told MailOnline: ‘I think the French and the EU should take note of the maxim: when you’re in hole, stop digging.’
He added: ‘It goes to prove we were so right to leave the EU, they’re thrashing around trying to cover for their own incompetence and in turn are behaving like a protectionist racket.
‘I think the Prime Minister was completely right when he said that no company is going to want to do business in an organisation that blocks exports, and has no respect for contract law.’
Tory MP Bob Seely, a member of the Commons foreign affairs committee, said: ‘At a time when everyone has a duty to be working together, for both the good of the EU and the UK, the wretched vaccine nationalism of some EU politicians is appalling.’
After a week of rising tensions, Boris Johnson’s lead negotiator, the former ambassador to the EU Sir Tim Barrow, is understood to have broken the impasse.
Diplomatic sources told The Times an agreement was expected imminently.
They added it was Sir Tim who had clinched the deal, rather than the Prime Minister’s new pointman for Brussels, Lord Frost.
Lord Frost, who was recently elevated to the Cabinet, negotiated the post-Brexit trade deal and often takes a tough stance in talks.
The row reached boiling point yesterday when France’s foreign minister accused the UK of ‘blackmailing’ the EU by insisting it needs the doses to give vaccinated people their next injection.
The UK has adopted a strategy of waiting 12 weeks between first and second doses to inoculate more people as just one injection still provides significant immunity – 29million have now been jabbed.
But yesterday Paris’s foreign minister Le Drian took a swipe at the British rollout: ‘The United Kingdom has taken great pride in vaccinating well with the first dose except they have a problem with the second dose.
‘You are vaccinated when you have had both doses. Today there are as many people vaccinated with both in France as the United Kingdom…
‘You can’t be playing like this, a bit of blackmail, just because you hurried to get people vaccinated with a first shot, and now you’re a bit handicapped because you don’t have the second one.’
Yet a senior government source stressed the UK has enough supplies to give people their second dose.
They said yesterday: ‘We are confident in vaccine targets, offering first dose to all over-50s by April 15 and all adults by July 31, as well as second doses.’
There are understood to be around 12million second doses due to be administered in April.
Britain produces around two million doses a week of AstraZeneca vaccine and imports the Pfizer jab from Belgium. While insiders have said they have enough supplies ‘on stream’ to deliver millions of second doses required over the coming months, it is unclear if these doses are already in the UK.
Complicating the picture is India’s confirmation that it will ban export of vaccines, which could further delay the shipment of five million doses that has already forced the UK to slow the number of injections in April.
Many mass vaccinations centres will close next month as the UK ‘pauses’ the roll-out of first doses to the under-50s due to the supply shortage.
The UK’s vaccine rollout has surged far ahead of the EU’s leaving the bloc under huge pressure to explain why
UK infection rates have been brought right down while much of the EU is grappling with a third wave of coronavirus
Emmanuel Macron speaking after the summit and gesturing to a graph which appears to show the shortfall in doses from AstraZeneca (far right bar on his graph). He struck a defiant as he called the blockade threat ‘the end of naivety’
EU-UK talks have been happening behind closed doors, and yesterday a Commission spokesperson said: ‘Our common aim is to ensure we have good co-operation in terms of supply chains and producing the vaccine.’
France, Italy and Spain were continuing to talk tough ahead of the weekend negotiations concerning a disputed 10million doses from a Dutch AstraZeneca plant, some of which are bound for Britain.
Brussels accuses AstraZeneca of reneging on its contract to supply the bloc with 120million doses in the first quarter, having only delivered 30million so far.
Cabinet minister Robert Jenrick said it would be ‘very damaging if countries started to pull up drawbridges and prevent vaccines, medicines or elements of them from crossing international borders’.
The Communities Secretary refused to be drawn on whether Britain – where critical vaccine components are also manufactured – would respond with a tit-for-tat ban, saying ‘that kind of talk is unhelpful’.
But hardline EU nations justified their support for halting shipments of vaccine by accusing the UK of failing to export any doses to the Continent.
Throwing his weight firmly behind the ban, Macron fumed: ‘Europe is not a selfish continent. Because when I read what the press on the other side of the Channel writes, we’re being accused of being selfish. Wrong! We let our supply chains untouched.
‘But we saw that the United States tend to protect their own vaccine production… that the United Kingdom did not export many doses. Actually, none. So we put in place an export control mechanism.’
At the meeting Commission president Ursula Von der Leyen briefed leaders that the UK needs the vaccine manufactured in the EU because the AstraZeneca jabs made in the UK are not enough to inoculate citizens with second doses.
She threatened to block AstraZeneca vaccine exports to Britain until the firm ‘catches up’ on its deliveries to the Continent.
Britain has vaccinated more than half of its adult population, while the EU has only managed to inoculate about 15 per cent.
The UK has received considerably more doses per capita, and has inoculated 14million people with the Oxford-developed jab from plants in Britain. The UK is also believed to have approximately 10million in storage for second doses.
Britain points out that it negotiated a tighter ‘exclusivity’ contract with the Anglo-Swedish firm and signed the deal earlier than the EU’s ‘best efforts’ contracts – and that EU vaccine factories rely on supplies from the UK so any trade war could shut down vaccine production completely.
When Pfizer doses are included, the EU says it has exported 21million doses to the UK, while none have been shipped from Britain to the EU.
The export ban was backed by France, Spain and Italy, but failed to pass after countries including Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden and Denmark stressed the need for smooth global supply chains.
Mr Jenrick agreed, telling Sky News: ‘Vaccines are based on complex international supply chains.
‘There are elements of the vaccines being produced in the UK, there are elements being produced in parts of the European Union and indeed all over the world – we are working with the Serum Institute, for example, in India.
‘So it is critical for all countries that there is the free flow of medical products, including vaccines, across international borders and it would be very damaging if countries started to pull up drawbridges and prevent vaccines, medicines or elements of them from crossing international borders and the UK strongly opposes that.’
But Von der Leyen maintained the tough stance, telling a news conference that AstraZeneca ‘has to honour the contract it has with the European member states, before it can engage again in exporting vaccines.’
‘We could have been much faster if all pharmaceutical companies had fulfilled their contracts,’ she added. ‘AstraZenaca has committed to a lower number of doses than was contracted.’
This chart shows how the AstraZeneca supply chain looks across Europe
Could Britain run out of second vaccine doses? Fears for UK roll-out as France threatens supply of Pfizer jabs from EU and delays of AstraZeneca from India could halt roll-out for even LONGER
By Sam Blanchard and Ross Ibbetson for MailOnline
Britain’s supply of second vaccine doses is heading into troubled waters as deliveries of both Pfizer and AstraZeneca’s jabs are in danger of being stopped by foreign governments.
India has banned exports of the AstraZeneca jab being made at the Serum Institute so it can use them for its own citizens, delaying a shipment of five million doses bound for the UK.
And EU officials are poised to stop shipments of Pfizer vaccines – which the UK needs to complete second doses for around 10million people by mid-June.
Insiders say AstraZeneca’s supplies can be made entirely in the UK and the five million-dose boost from India was not critical to meeting government targets, meaning the delivery from India may be a disappointment rather than a crisis.
But all of the country’s Pfizer doses are made in factories in Europe – the firm and its partner BioNTech have major facilities in Belgium and Germany – and international shipping is vital to make sure people get their second doses.
More than 12million Pfizer doses have already been sent to Britain and the NHS needs at least the same number again by June to make sure everyone gets their booster jab within three months, as promised by the government.
Medics have already stopped giving out the vaccine to first-time patients so it can prioritise all the Pfizer supplies – which are now in danger of grinding to a halt – for existing patients’ second doses.
No10 today insisted that Britain is still on track to hit its vaccination targets even in spite of supply troubles.
A senior government source said: ‘We are confident in vaccine targets, offering first doses to all over-50s by April 15 and all adults by July 31, as well as second doses.’ There are understood to be around 12million doses due to be delivered in April.
But now there is a prospect of open-ended delays to the jabs with political tensions rising and other countries facing yet more increases in infections.
India is in the grip of a second wave and holding vaccines from the Serum Institute so it can immunise its own one billion citizens, and cases are surging again in parts of Western Europe, where the rollout has been less successful than in Britain. As a result, politicians are trying to cling to vaccine supplies to use them on their own unprotected citizens.
And Moderna’s vaccine, which is expected to be the third and latest addition to the UK rollout from next week, will have to be imported from Europe, too, although it is manufactured in Switzerland which isn’t part of the EU.
PFIZER SECOND DOSES AT RISK
The biggest concern around vaccine export arguments is the prospect of interruptions to Britain’s plans to give people their second doses of the Pfizer vaccine.
Britain is totally reliant on deliveries from Belgium and Germany to be able to use Pfizer’s jab, whereas it makes AstraZeneca’s at home in England and Wales.
If the European Union successfully stopped Pfizer and BioNTech shipping the vaccine to the UK in order to give the doses to its own citizens, Britain could be left without the second doses it has promised to millions of people.
At least 12million doses have already been used in the UK and there is a stockpile and incoming supply of second doses – half a million second doses were given out this week, with most of them Pfizer jabs.
But the NHS relies on rolling stock rather than a backlog big enough to cater for all the second doses, meaning supplies must keep coming.
In total 10.9million people had Pfizer for their first vaccine by March 7, meaning they must all get another dose of it by June 7 at the latest.
Even if all the 2.8m second doses given in the UK so far were all Pfizer, the country still needs more than eight million extra doses to hit that target.
Neither Pfizer nor the UK Government have confirmed how fast the company is supplying the vaccine to Britain, nor what its target is for the end of March.
Ministers have refused to confirm details of the UK’s vaccine supplies out of fear of causing outrage among other nations that don’t have as many. As a result, the supply problems are largely playing out behind closed doors except for comments from foreign politicians.
The UK is not without leverage in this situation, because it makes critical components of the Pfizer vaccine at a factory in England, meaning it has the power to disrupt other countries’ supplies if it were cut off. British politicians are desperately trying to avoid confrontation on the matter.
Speaking on Good Morning Britain today, Housing Secretary Robert Jenrick said he was ‘confident’ that the UK would have enough vaccine to meet its goals.
He said: ‘We’re getting our vaccines from multiple manufacturers, from all over the world with complex international supply chains – none of them are reliant on any one factory or any one country.
‘What I can assure your viewers of is our absolute commitment and confidence that we will be able to deliver on the targets that the Prime Minister has set out, so there is no reason to worry – the vaccine programme will continue and it is going to continue to be a world-leading one.’
On Sky News he added: ‘There are elements of the vaccines being produced in the UK – there are elements being produced in parts of the European Union and indeed all over the world. We are working with the Serum Institute, for example, in India.
‘So it is critical for all countries that there is the free flow of medical products, including vaccines, across international borders.
‘It would be very damaging if countries started to pull up drawbridges and prevent vaccines, medicines or elements of them from crossing international borders, and the UK strongly opposes that.’
MODERNA COMES INTO PLAY IN APRIL
Moderna’s vaccine is also expected to come in from Europe from next week and into April, adding a third dimension to Britain’s jab rollout with 17million doses on order.
That jab, which is almost identical to Pfizer’s but the UK’s deal was struck too late to get early access, will provide enough vaccine to immunise 8.5million people over the summer.
Although it’s coming from the continent, Moderna makes its vaccine in Switzerland, at a factory in Visp – and Switzerland is not a member of the European Union.
This means it is unlikely that any row with the European Commission or other countries in the bloc will be able to affect the Moderna supply chain directly from that plant, regardless of whether it is flown or driven through Europe.
There is, however, a factory in Madrid, Spain, that is involved with the ‘fill and finish’ bottling process after the vaccine has been manufactured. Exports from here may be considered EU products and under the jurisdiction of the Commission, but Britain’s exact supply chain is not yet clear.
ASTRAZENECA CAN BE HOMEMADE
And on another more positive note, supplies of the AstraZeneca vaccine in Britain may be hurt by the export ban from India – five million had been expected in the coming weeks – but they should not be impacted by the EU’s actions.
Only a tiny proportion of the 14million AstraZeneca doses given out so far in the UK were made in Europe – a small batch of unknown size delivered at the very start of the rollout in December.
A second ad-hoc shipment has since arrived in Britain from a factory in the Netherlands – which likely triggered the current row with the European Commission – but these vaccines have not yet been used.
The size of the shipment has been kept secret by the Government and Halix, the firm that sent it, and the MHRA confirmed it has not yet approved the batch for use in Britain.
AstraZeneca claims it can make two million doses per week in the UK to supply exclusively to the NHS.
While the EU has demanded that some of these doses be sent to its own nations, this does not appear to have happened so far.
In a bid to boost its own production of the crucial vaccine, which is the cheapest one available, the European Medicines Agency today finally listed the Halix factory in the Netherlands as an approved supplier so the millions of doses it is churning out can be legally used.
It also approved a new manufacturing site in the German city of Marburg and more flexible storage conditions for the BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine.
The UK Government’s vaccination targets and lockdown-ending plans are understood to be based on a rollout that keeps pace with AstraZeneca’s domestic production, meaning imports from India or the Netherlands can boost the programme but delays outside the country shouldn’t slow it down significantly.
Although India confirmed it would control vaccine supplies to make sure its own citizens were provided for, a government source said it had not imposed any ban on vaccine exports ‘unlike many other countries,’ and that it would continue to supply doses in phases.
‘We remain committed to help the world with vaccines, including through the COVAX facility,’ the source told Reuters.
However, a health ministry source told The Times: ‘Other countries will get supplies only if there are vaccines left over after keeping enough for our own population.’
Deliveries will be delayed in March and April ‘as the government of India battles a new wave of Covid-19 infections,’ said GAVI, an alliance of countries, companies and charities that promote vaccination.
This disruption, which has led to Britain having to deal without a delivery of five million doses it planned to receive from India next month, was the original reason behind the slowdown expected from next week.
In a letter to vaccine clinics, hospitals and GPs last week, NHS chiefs said: ‘The Government’s Vaccines Task Force have now notified us that there will be a significant reduction in weekly supply available from manufacturers beginning in the week commencing 29 March, meaning volumes for first doses will be significantly constrained.
‘They now currently predict this will continue for a four-week period, as a result of reductions in national inbound vaccines supply.’
The letter adds that inviting people for jabs who are not in the top nine priority groups is ‘only permissible in exceptional circumstances’.
But a new, potentially more troubling development, has unfolded since then as the European Union has threatened to cap exports of jabs from factories on its land.
The UK has been importing millions of doses of Pfizer and BioNTech’s vaccine from their factories in Belgium and Germany and has around 10million people who need a second dose of the jab by mid-June.
French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian took a swipe at the British strategy today and said: ‘The United Kingdom has taken great pride in vaccinating well with the first dose except they have a problem with the second dose.
‘You are vaccinated when you have had both doses. Today there are as many people vaccinated with both in France as the United Kingdom…
‘You can’t be playing like this, a bit of blackmail, just because you hurried to get people vaccinated with a first shot, and now you’re a bit handicapped because you don’t have the second one.’
As a result of Britain’s vaccination slowdown, some mass vaccination sites have announced they will close temporarily in April because they won’t have enough stock to keep going.
Vaccine centres in Devon, Cornwall and Kent are among those to have confirmed they will ‘have to pause’ during the month-long slowdown. If the rest of the country follows suit, it could see all 150 mass vaccination sites shut.
Mass coronavirus vaccination sites across the UK have announced they will close temporarily next month due to looming supply issues. Vaccine centres in Devon, Cornwall and Kent are among those to have confirmed they will ‘have to pause’ during the month-long slowdown. If the rest of the country follows suit, it could mean all 150 mass sites will shut
The focus of the rollout will turn to ensuring there are sufficient vaccine stocks to dish out crucial second doses, with staff at mass hubs around the country expected to be redeployed.
Local vaccination centres have also been told to close unfilled bookings from March 31, with the supply constraint expected to last throughout April.
The NHS has called on over-50s to book their first vaccine appointment while they still can before Monday, or risk facing delays.
GPs will continue contacting eligible patients on their lists, but some vaccination sites including Westpoint, near Exeter, have revealed they will shut between April 1 and 11. All of Kent’s five mass vaccination centres, for example, are set to close ‘for a number of weeks’ from next month.
The pause in Britain’s vaccine drive will mean that fewer Britons are vaccinated when No10 starts to reopen the economy on April 12 – but ministers have insisted the timetable will not be affected despite predictions of an ‘exit wave’ of Covid cases as society opens up.
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